Cannabis Basics & Plant Anatomy
Trichomes
Trichomes are microscopic glandular structures on the cannabis plant that produce and store cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds. They are responsible for the plant’s potency, aroma, and effects.
Biological Function of Trichomes
Trichomes are specialized epidermal outgrowths that develop on various parts of the cannabis plant, with the highest concentration found on female flowers. Their primary biological function is to synthesize and secrete resin containing secondary metabolites that protect the plant and support reproduction.
Trichomes as Chemical Production Sites
In cannabis, trichomes serve as chemical factories. Within each gland, complex biochemical processes produce cannabinoids such as THC and CBD, along with terpenes and flavonoids that define flavor, scent, and experiential effects. These compounds also act as natural deterrents against pests, pathogens, and excessive ultraviolet radiation.
Types of Cannabis Trichomes
There are three main types of cannabis trichomes: bulbous, capitate-sessile, and capitate-stalked. Bulbous trichomes are the smallest and least productive, while capitate-sessile glands are more abundant on leaves. Capitate-stalked trichomes are the largest and most potent, dominating mature flowers and accounting for most usable resin.
Trichome Development During Flowering
Trichome development accelerates during the flowering stage. As buds mature, trichomes increase in number and size, becoming more visible to the naked eye as a frosty or crystalline coating. Their maturation state is closely linked to cannabinoid composition and overall flower quality.
Trichome Maturity and Harvest Timing
Growers commonly monitor trichome appearance to determine harvest timing. Clear trichomes typically indicate immaturity, while cloudy or milky trichomes signal peak cannabinoid production. Amber-colored trichomes reflect degradation and conversion of cannabinoids, often associated with more sedative effects.
Environmental Sensitivity and Preservation
Trichomes are highly sensitive to environmental and physical stress. Excessive heat, light exposure, oxygen, or rough handling can damage or degrade them. Proper cultivation, harvesting, drying, and curing practices are essential to preserve trichome integrity and chemical content.
Role of Trichomes in Processing and Extraction
In cannabis processing, trichomes are the foundation of concentrates and extracts. Products such as kief, hash, rosin, and oils are derived by isolating or processing trichome resin. Because nearly all desirable cannabis compounds originate in trichomes, they represent the core value of the plant.
Related terms:
Resin Glands, Cannabinoids, Terpenes, Calyx, Sugar Leaves, Flowering Stage, Harvest Timing, Concentrates.
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