Cannabinoids, Terpenes & Effects
THC
THC is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis that causes the feeling commonly known as being “high.”
What is THC?
THC, short for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is the primary psychoactive cannabinoid (a naturally occurring chemical compound found in cannabis) responsible for most of the plant’s mind-altering effects. THC interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system (a regulatory network that helps control mood, pain, appetite, memory, and sleep), specifically binding to CB1 receptors (receptors concentrated in the brain and nervous system).
How THC becomes active
In raw cannabis, THC is not present in its active form. Instead, it exists as THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid), a non-psychoactive compound. Through activation, most commonly via decarboxylation (the application of heat that removes a carbon dioxide molecule), THCA is converted into active THC. This activation occurs instantly when cannabis is smoked or vaporized and must be intentionally performed when making edibles, oils, tinctures, or capsules.
Discovery and scientific importance of THC
THC was first isolated and identified in 1964 by Israeli chemist Dr. Raphael Mechoulam, a breakthrough that laid the foundation for modern cannabis science. Since then, THC has been extensively studied for both its recreational effects and potential therapeutic applications.
How THC affects the body and mind
The effects of THC can include euphoria, relaxation, altered sensory perception, enhanced appetite, and changes in time perception. Depending on dose and individual sensitivity, THC may also cause side effects such as anxiety, dizziness, dry mouth, or sedation. THC’s effects vary based on dose, tolerance, bioavailability, and method of consumption. Inhaled THC acts quickly with a shorter duration, while oral THC has delayed onset but longer-lasting effects.
Factors that influence THC potency
In cannabis cultivation, THC levels are influenced by genetics, growing conditions, harvest timing, and curing practices. Selective breeding over decades has significantly increased THC concentrations in modern cannabis varieties.
Responsible THC use
Responsible use of THC emphasizes accurate dosing, understanding onset time, and avoiding overconsumption, especially with edibles. THC remains one of the most important and studied compounds in cannabis, central to both its cultural history and modern applications.
Related terms:
Cannabinoid, THCA, Decarboxylation, Activation, Psychoactive, Dosing, Tolerance, and Endocannabinoid System.
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