Cannabis Basics & Plant Anatomy
Cannabis Flower
Cannabis flower is the part of the cannabis plant that contains the highest concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes, often harvested, dried, and used for consumption. It’s what people typically refer to as “bud.”
This page may contain affiliate links. Learn more.
What Cannabis Flower Is
Cannabis flower refers to the mature, reproductive part of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, commonly called the “bud.” This is the part of the plant most valued for its high levels of cannabinoids, like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol, the compound responsible for psychoactive effects) and CBD (cannabidiol, a non-intoxicating compound with therapeutic potential), as well as terpenes, which give cannabis its distinctive aroma, flavor, and sometimes influence effects.
Male vs Female Plants
Cannabis is a dioecious plant, meaning it has separate male and female plants. Only female plants produce the dense, resinous flowers that are harvested for consumption. Male plants produce pollen but minimal usable flower. Flowers develop during the plant’s flowering stage, triggered by changes in light cycles—typically 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness in outdoor cultivation. During this stage, trichomes (tiny glandular hairs) form on the flowers, producing the sticky resin that contains cannabinoids and terpenes.
A Brief History of Cannabis Flower
Historically, cannabis flower has been used for thousands of years for medicine, fiber, and spiritual rituals. Ancient texts from China, India, and the Middle East reference the use of cannabis for pain relief, relaxation, and ceremonial purposes. Modern interest in cannabis flower surged in the 20th and 21st centuries with the rise of recreational and medical use, alongside scientific exploration of cannabinoids and terpenes.
How Flowering Works in Cultivation
In cultivation, cannabis flower is the primary focus because it determines the plant’s potency and overall quality. Growers manage light, nutrients, humidity, and pruning to maximize bud density and resin production. Harvest timing is critical: harvesting too early can reduce cannabinoid levels, while harvesting too late can alter the effects and flavor profile. After harvest, flowers are dried and cured to improve taste, aroma, and shelf life.
Challenges and Care for Quality Flower
Common challenges include mold, pests, and improper drying, which can degrade the quality of the flower. Understanding cannabis flower anatomy, growth cycles, and chemistry is essential for both cultivators and consumers who want a consistent and enjoyable experience.
Related terms:
Trichome, Terpene, Cannabinoid, Flowering Stage, Harvesting, Bud.
Stay informed as the site grows.
If you’d like to be notified when new glossary terms or educational resources are added, you can join the mailing list below.
We send emails occasionally and only when there’s something genuinely useful to share.