Cannabinoids, Terpenes & Effects
Terpene
A terpene is an aromatic compound produced by cannabis that gives the plant its distinct smell and flavor. Terpenes also influence how cannabis feels and interacts with the body.
What are terpenes?
Terpenes are a large group of organic compounds (naturally occurring plant chemicals) responsible for the scents and flavors of plants. In cannabis, terpenes are produced mainly in trichomes (tiny, crystal-like resin glands on the flowers and leaves) alongside cannabinoids like THC and CBD. In simple terms, terpenes are the reason cannabis can smell like citrus, pine, fuel, fruit, or earth.
Where terpenes come from
The word “terpene” comes from turpentine, a plant oil studied in the 1800s, when chemists first began classifying plant aroma compounds. Over time, scientists discovered that terpenes are not unique to cannabis. They are found throughout nature, including in fruits, herbs, trees, and flowers. For example, the fresh smell of oranges, the sharp scent of pine trees, and the calming aroma of lavender all come from different terpenes.
How terpenes affect cannabis effects
In cannabis, terpenes do more than just smell nice. Research suggests they interact with cannabinoids through what is often called the entourage effect (the idea that cannabis compounds work better together than alone). This means terpenes may influence how uplifting, calming, focusing, or sedating a strain feels, even when THC levels are similar.
Common terpenes found in cannabis
Common cannabis terpenes include myrcene (often linked to earthy or musky smells and relaxing effects), limonene (citrus aroma, often associated with mood elevation), pinene (pine scent, linked to alertness), and caryophyllene (peppery aroma, unique for interacting with cannabinoid receptors). Each terpene has its own aroma profile and potential influence on effects.
What influences terpene production
For cannabis cultivation, terpene production is strongly affected by genetics, light intensity, temperature, nutrients, and harvest timing. High heat, excessive drying, or poor storage can cause terpenes to evaporate or degrade, reducing aroma and flavor. Growers aiming for strong terpene profiles focus on gentle drying, proper curing, and avoiding stress late in flowering.
Why terpenes matter to users and growers
In practical terms, terpenes help explain why two cannabis strains with similar THC percentages can feel very different. Understanding terpenes allows growers, consumers, and patients to choose cannabis based on desired effects, not just potency.
Related terms:
Cannabinoid, Trichomes, Entourage Effect, Myrcene, Limonene, Pinene, Caryophyllene, Curing, Drying
Stay informed as the site grows.
If you’d like to be notified when new glossary terms or educational resources are added, you can join the mailing list below.
We send emails occasionally and only when there’s something genuinely useful to share.