Cannabinoids, Terpenes & Effects
Cannabinoid
A cannabinoid is a natural chemical compound found in cannabis that interacts with the body to produce various effects.
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What are cannabinoids?
A cannabinoid is one of a large group of biologically active compounds produced by the cannabis plant. These compounds interact with the endocannabinoid system (a cell-signaling system in the human body that helps regulate mood, pain, appetite, sleep, and immune response). To date, more than 100 cannabinoids have been identified in cannabis.
How are cannabinoids formed?
Cannabinoids were first scientifically isolated in the mid-20th century. In 1964, Israeli chemist Dr. Raphael Mechoulam identified and synthesized THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the primary psychoactive cannabinoid. This discovery led to decades of research into how cannabinoids interact with human physiology and plant biology.
Major types of cannabinoids
Cannabinoids are produced in specialized structures called trichomes (tiny, crystal-like resin glands on cannabis flowers and leaves). They begin as precursor compounds and change form as the plant matures or when exposed to heat. For example, THCA (a non-psychoactive acidic form) converts into THC when heated through smoking or cooking.
Factors affecting cannabinoid levels
In cannabis cultivation, cannabinoid content is influenced by genetics, light intensity, nutrients, stress levels, and harvest timing. Growers often select strains based on desired cannabinoid profiles, such as high THC for psychoactive effects or high CBD for non-intoxicating benefits.
Preserving cannabinoids
Cannabinoids fall into several categories: major cannabinoids (like THC and CBD), minor cannabinoids (such as CBG, CBN, and CBC), and trace cannabinoids. Each interacts differently with receptors in the body, producing distinct effects. Common challenges include cannabinoid degradation due to improper curing or excessive heat and light exposure. Best practices include proper drying, curing, and storage to preserve cannabinoid potency.
Related terms:
THC, CBD, Endocannabinoid System, Terpene, Trichome, and Psychoactive.
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