Training, Pruning & Plant Structure
Canopy
The canopy is the top layer of a plant’s leaves and branches where most light is absorbed.
What the canopy is in cannabis cultivation
In cannabis cultivation, the canopy refers to the uppermost layer of leaves, stems, and bud sites that receive direct light exposure. This zone is the primary area where photosynthesis occurs, making canopy health and structure critical for plant growth, yield, and quality.
How canopy management developed over time
Historically, outdoor growers relied on natural plant shape and sunlight penetration, with little direct canopy control. As indoor and high-density cultivation became common, growers developed canopy management techniques to improve light distribution and maximize usable growing space. These methods became standard practice in modern cannabis production.
Why an even canopy improves growth and yield
A well-managed canopy allows light to reach as many productive sites as possible. When the canopy is uneven, taller plants or branches block light from lower areas, reducing photosynthesis and leading to weak growth below. Even canopies promote uniform development, consistent bud size, and efficient use of light.
How growers shape and manage the canopy
In cannabis cultivation, canopy management often involves training techniques such as topping, low-stress training (LST), and trellising. These methods guide plant growth horizontally rather than vertically, spreading branches across the light footprint. Defoliation—selective removal of leaves—may also be used to improve airflow and light penetration.
Why environmental control matters at canopy level
The canopy is also where environmental conditions have the greatest impact. Light intensity, temperature, humidity, and airflow must be balanced at canopy level. Growers measure PPFD and adjust light distance specifically at canopy height to ensure optimal conditions.
Common canopy-related challenges and solutions
Common challenges include overcrowding, uneven height, and poor airflow, which can lead to light stress, mold, or reduced yields. Solutions include regular training, pruning, and spacing adjustments.
Related terms:
Light Distance, PPFD, Canopy Management, Defoliation, Training Techniques, and Lighting.
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