Cannabinoids, Terpenes & Effects
Endocannabinoid System
The endocannabinoid system is a natural regulatory system in the human body that helps maintain balance in functions such as mood, pain, appetite, sleep, and immune response. It works through chemical messengers and receptors found throughout the brain and body.
What the endocannabinoid system does in the body
The endocannabinoid system, often abbreviated as ECS, is a complex cell signaling network present in all humans and many animals. Its primary role is to maintain homeostasis, meaning it helps keep the body’s internal environment stable despite changes from stress, injury, or external conditions. The system influences a wide range of physiological processes, including pain perception, inflammation, memory, mood, appetite, metabolism, and immune function.
The core components of the endocannabinoid system
The ECS is made up of three core components: endocannabinoids, receptors, and enzymes. Endocannabinoids are naturally produced compounds that act as chemical messengers. The two most studied endocannabinoids are anandamide and 2-AG, both of which are produced by the body on demand rather than stored. These molecules bind to cannabinoid receptors to trigger specific responses.
How cannabinoid receptors regulate balance
Cannabinoid receptors are found throughout the body, with CB1 receptors concentrated mainly in the brain and central nervous system, and CB2 receptors found largely in the immune system and peripheral tissues. When endocannabinoids bind to these receptors, they help regulate signaling between cells, either increasing or decreasing activity as needed to restore balance.
The role of enzymes in endocannabinoid signaling
Enzymes are responsible for breaking down endocannabinoids after they have fulfilled their function. This breakdown ensures that endocannabinoids act only when needed and do not overstimulate the system. The temporary nature of this process allows the ECS to respond dynamically to changing conditions in the body.
Discovery and significance of the endocannabinoid system
The endocannabinoid system was discovered in the late 20th century during research into how THC interacts with the human body. This discovery reshaped scientific understanding of cannabis by revealing that the body already produces its own cannabinoid-like compounds. Today, the ECS is considered a foundational system in human biology and a key reason cannabinoids from cannabis can influence so many bodily functions.
Related terms:
Endocannabinoids, CB1 Receptors, CB2 Receptors, Homeostasis, Anandamide, 2-AG, Cannabinoid Receptors, Neurotransmitters.
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