Cannabinoids, Terpenes & Effects
Potency
Potency refers to how strong a cannabis product is, usually based on the amount of active cannabinoids like THC or CBD it contains.
What potency means in cannabis
Potency in cannabis describes the strength or intensity of a product’s effects, primarily determined by the concentration of cannabinoids (the active chemical compounds in cannabis). Potency is most commonly expressed as a percentage for flower and concentrates (such as 18% THC) or in milligrams (mg) for edibles, beverages, tinctures, and capsules.
How cannabis potency is measured
The cannabinoid most closely associated with potency is THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis. Higher THC levels generally produce stronger intoxicating effects, but potency is not solely defined by THC content. CBD, other minor cannabinoids, and terpenes all influence how strong or noticeable a product feels through the entourage effect (the combined interaction of cannabinoids and terpenes).
The role of THC and other cannabinoids in potency
Potency is affected by several factors, including genetics, cultivation conditions, harvest timing, curing practices, and processing methods. In raw flower, cannabinoids exist mostly in acidic forms like THCA, which must undergo activation through decarboxylation to become psychoactive THC. In processed products, proper activation ensures that labeled potency reflects actual effects.
Factors that influence cannabis potency
Historically, cannabis potency has increased significantly due to selective breeding and improved cultivation techniques. Early cannabis varieties often contained much lower THC levels than many modern strains, which has influenced dosing recommendations and consumer education.
Changes in cannabis potency over time
Understanding potency is essential for responsible use. High-potency products require smaller doses and longer wait times between servings, especially with edibles, which have delayed onset. Overestimating tolerance or misunderstanding potency can lead to overconsumption, causing unwanted side effects such as anxiety, dizziness, or sedation.
Why understanding potency matters for consumers
In cultivation and product formulation, consistent potency allows for predictable dosing, repeatable experiences, and compliance with labeling regulations. Consumers are encouraged to consider potency alongside dose size, onset time, duration, and terpene profile, rather than relying on THC percentage alone.
Related terms:
THC, CBD, Cannabinoid, Dosing, Tolerance, Bioavailability, Activation, Terpene Profile, and Entourage Effect.
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